Minggu, 03 Juni 2012

Causative (Make, Get, Have, Let, Help)

Causative (Make, Get, Have, Let, Help) (1) Causative Make - make can be used as a causative - Use verb word after a person or thing (No infinitive,No -ing form) * make + person + verb word * make + thing + verb word (ex) I make this radio work. (ex) I can make your friend work part time in this summer vacation. (2) Causative Get - get can be used as a causative - Use an infinitive after a person and use a participle after thing (No verb word) * get + person + infinitive * get + thing + participle (ex) I got my friend to help this homework. (ex) I get my house repaired before this winter. (3) Causative Have - have can be used as a causative - Use verb word after a person and use a participle after thing * have + person + verb word * have + thing + participle (ex) I have my car fixed. (ex) My English teacher had me give oral speaking. (4) Causative Let - let can be used as a causative - let means a person gives permission for another person to do it. - Use a verb word after a person or thing (No -ing form, No infinitive) * let + person + verb word * let + thing + verb word (ex) I can let this car cool. (ex) Would you let me join your party? (5) Causative Help - help can be used as a causative - let means a person assists another person to do it. - Use a verb word or infinitive after a person (No -ing form) * help + person + infinitive = help + person + verb word (ex) I helped her to pack the luggage. (ex) Would you help me deliver this box? -Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Excercise 36 English for Business 2 Assignment

Excercise 36 English for Business 2 Assignment 1. The teacher made Juan leave the room 2. Toshiko had her car repaired by a mechanic 3. Ellen got Marvin typed her paper 4. I made Jane call her friend on the telephone 5. We got our house painted last week 6. Dr. Byrd is having the students write a composition 7. The policeman made the suspect lie on the ground 8. Mark got his transcripts send to the university 9. Maria is getting her hair cut tomorrow 10. We will have to get the Dean signed this form 11. The teacher let Al leave the classroom. 12. Maria got Ed washed the pipettes 13. She always has her car to fix by the same mechanic 14. Gene got his book published by a subsidy publisher 15. We have to help Janet to find her keys -Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Minggu, 15 April 2012

Make Written English (Passive Voice)

Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)

Example: A letter was written.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)


Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.

Example: he says – it is said

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).

Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
-Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Minggu, 08 April 2012

Exercises 31-34

Exercise 31
1. Twelve Stories
2. Language
3. Three Acts
4. Last for two days
5. Cantaining 79 pieces
6. Five shelves
7. Weigh 16 ounces each
8. Holds six quarts
9. Made Of Bricks
10. Ten speeds

Exercise 32
1. Enough People
2. French enough
3. enough time
4. fast enough
5. soon enough
6. early enough
7. hard enough
8. slowly enough
9. enough flour
10. enough books

Exercise 33
1. Because
2. Because
3. Because Of
4. Because
5. Because Of
6. Because
7. Because Of
8. Because
9. Because
10. Because Of

Exercise 34
1. So
2. Such
3. So
4. So
5. So
6. So
7. Such
8. So
9. So
10. Such
11. So
12. So
13. Such
14. So
15. So

-Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Pope Marks Easter With Call for End to Violence

Implored the Syrian regime Sunday to heed international demands to end the bloodshed and voiced hope that the joy of Easter would comfort Christians suffering because of their faith.

Benedict, struggling with hoarseness and looking tired, celebrated Mass on Christianity’s most joyous holy day on the flower-adorned steps of St. Peter’s Basilica, before a crowd of faithful that swelled to far over 100,000 by the end of the two-hour-long ceremony.

Only hours earlier the pontiff, who turns 85 on April 16, had led a long nighttime vigil service in the church.

At the end of Sunday’s Mass, Benedict moved to the basilica’s central balcony to read his Easter message “to the entire world,” as he put it, delivering a ringing appeal for peace in Iraq, Syria and elsewhere in the Middle East, and particularly in Africa, citing coup-struck Mali and Nigeria, where Christians and Muslims alike have been hit by terrorist attacks.

“May the risen Christ grant hope to the Middle East and enable all the ethnic, cultural and religious groups in that region to work together to advance the common good and respect for human rights,” the pope said.

“Particularly in Syria, may there be an end to bloodshed and an immediate commitment to the path of respect, dialogue and reconciliation, as called for by the international community,” Benedict said, making Syria the first of several strife-torn countries he mentioned in his traditional “Urbi et Orbi” (Latin for “to the city and to the world”) Easter speech.

The Syrian government on Sunday appeared to be backing out of a cease-fire deal aimed at ending the country’s crisis, saying that it will not withdraw its troops from cities without written guarantees from armed groups that they also will lay down their weapons. U.N. estimates put the number of dead in that conflict at some 9,000 since it began in March 2011.

Benedict also lamented that many Syrians who have fled the conflict are enduring “dreadful sufferings” and urged humanitarian assistance and acceptance of them.

Christians throughout the world on Easter celebrate their belief that Jesus Christ rose from the dead after his crucifix, and the day symbolizes hope. Benedict said that Christ is “hope and comfort in a particular way for those Christian communities suffering most for their faith on account of discrimination and persecution.”

Sectarian violence in Iraq, often aimed at Christians, has prompted an exodus over the last years of many from the sizeable Christian community there.

Benedict also prayed that God sustain the Christian community in Africa, where the Catholic church has been enjoying vibrant growth in recent years. “To Nigeria, which in recent times has experienced savage terrorist attacks, may the joy of Easter grant the strength needed to take up anew the building of a society which is peaceful and respectful of the religious freedom of its citizens.” Terrorism has hit both the Muslim and Christian community in Nigeria.

He prayed that Mali, wracked by a recent coup, would see “peace and stability.”

In Jerusalem, thousands of Christians gathered for Easter celebrations, crowding into one of Christianity’s holiest churches, worshipping, singing and praying. Catholics and Protestants took turns to hold ceremonies within the ancient Church of the Holy Sepulcher, built on the site where many Christians believe Jesus was crucified and buried.

Italian Premier Mario Monti, in the church on a private visit, joined the masses of Christian faithful. He shook hands with pilgrims and spoke to monks in the Old City.

Thousands of Palestinian Catholics smashed boiled egg shells against each other, representing Jesus’ emerging from his tomb. They ate circular bread symbolizing his crown of thorns. They greeted each other with the Arabic felicitation, “Christ has arisen,” prompting the response: “Verily he has arisen.”

At the vatican, Benedict encouraged Israelis and Palestinians to “courageously take up anew the peace process.”

Meanwhile, thousands of other Christians belonging to Eastern Orthodox churches, who celebrate Easter using a different calendar from their Catholic and Protestant brethren, marked Palm Sunday.

Several dozen Ethiopian Christians who also use the older calendar gathered in a niche of the Sepulcher church, wearing long white robes, decked in white, blue and black rimless hats. They sang in their ancient language, marking off beats with a silver instrument that made a rattling sound.

In the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, dozens of Greek Orthodox Palestinian Christians celebrated Palm Sunday. They gathered into their tiny stone-built church, painted sky-blue and decorated with icons of Jesus, his mother Mary and other saints. Four young men garbed in white and gold robes sung from prayer books, believers lit candles and chanted in Arabic, recording the journey made to Jerusalem, where his followers decked his path with palms and olive branches.

“Jesus went to Jerusalem to call people to peace,” said Jaber Abdullah Jindi, a Gazan Christian. “And just as he did, we hope that there will be peace in all the region, especially in Palestina

-Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Senin, 19 Maret 2012

Conditional Sentences, MAIN CLAUSE + IF CLAUSE

Conditional Sentences

BENTUK UMUM :

MAIN CLAUSE + IF CLAUSE

DI MANA :

Main clause selalu mempunyai modal auxiliary
If clause selalu berupa : simple present, simple past, atau past perfect

1. conditional sentences type 1 : true in the present or future

S + MODAL V1 + V1 . . IF + S + V1 ATAU TO BE V1

FACT :
Mengubah kata if dengan on condition that, provided, atau unless

contoh :
conditional : I may study in university if i graduate from senior high school
fact : i may study in university on condition that i graduate from senior high school

2. conditional sentences type 2 : untrue in the present

S + MODAL V2 + V2 . . IF + S + V2 ATAU TO BE V2

FACT :
1. Ubah kata if menjadi because
2. Ubah tense menjadi simple present dan hilangkan modal
3. Ubah kalimat negatif menjadi positif dan sebaliknya

contoh :
conditional : I might study in university if i graduated from senior high school
fact : I don't study in university because i don't graduate from senior high school







-Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-

Jumat, 02 Desember 2011

Undang-undang No 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

Contoh Kasus dalam Berita :
(http://www.poskota.co.id/berita-terkini/2011/07/14/ada-perusahaan-rusak-lingkungan-warga-demo-ke-ptun-bandung)

Pandangan saya :
Dalam sebuah perjalanan saya sewaktu Kongres dan MPA PMKRI Pengurus Pusat di Kalimantan Tengah, ada banyak informasi yang saya terima dan saya dengar dari senior PMKRI. Salah satunya adalah hasil perjalanan saya ke Palangkaraya, Kalimantan Tengah. Disana saya bertemu dengan Kepala Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kalimantan Tengah yaitu Bapak Drs. Moses Nicodemus, MM (sekarang kabarnya sudah tidak lagi menjabat Kepala BLH). Saya menghadiri sebuah presentasi beliau di kantornya dan juga sempat melakukan wawancara beliau di ruangannya setelah presentasi tersebut.

Ada beberapa informasi yang saya dapatkan dari beliau, mulai dari kegiatan ujicoba skema REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) yang ada di Kalimantan Tengah dan ulasan mengenai Undang-undang baru tentang Lingkungan Hidup. Beliau sangat senang sekali diterbitkannya undang-undang ini, sehingga ada payung yang melindungi dan mengawasi para pejabat Lingkungan Hidup dan juga masyarakat umumnya. Permasalahan lingkungan hidup bukan permasalahan spele lagi dan permasalahan yang bisa dipandang sebelah mata.

Sudah bertahun-tahun permasalahan lingkungan hidup melanda negara kita tanpa penyelesaian. Penyakit yang sudah kronis dan sangat sulit untuk disembuhkan. Perusahaan merajalela menghancurkan hutan dan sumberdaya alam. Merusak lingkungan hidup. Menyengsarakan masyarakat lokal dan masyarakat adat yang ada disekitar perusahaan. Tidak sedikit perusahaan yang berdiri tanpa Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL). Banyak pejabat negara dan pejabat daerah sewenang-wenang menerbitkan izin untuk perusahaan. Lobby-lobby yang menguntungkan pribadi dan golongan marak terjadi.

Kalo berbicara tentang AMDAL, bisa dichek perusahaan mana yang bener-bener membuat AMDAL dan patuh terhadap standarisasi AMDAL. Jangankan AMDAL, belum memiliki izin HGU saja (hanya mengandalkan izin prinsip dari Gubernur atau Bupati) dan belum punya IPK untuk melakukan landclearing mereka sudah berani meratakan semua pohon yang berdiri kawasan tersebut dan menggantikannya dengan tanaman kelapa sawit. Termasuk hutan adat komunitas dayak iban di Kalbar mereka hancurkan. Seperti yang saya ceritakan mengenai “Derita Desa Semunying Jaya“

Terkadang hasil AMDAL juga merupakan hasil lobby-lobby perusahaan dengan para pembuat AMDAL dan pembuat kebijakan. AMDAL seringkali hanya sebuah hasil copy-paste sebuah lembaga pembuat AMDAL. AMDAL hanya sebagai lampiran surat untuk mendapatkan izin eksplorasi atau mendapatkan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU).

Saya tidak tahu, apakah setelah keluarnya UU 32/2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, para pembuat AMDAL, perusahaan dan aparat pemerintahan masih berani bermain-main dengan kejahatan yang mereka lakukan. Berikut saya berikan sedikit cuplikan apa saja isi UU tersebut, semoga membantu rekan-rekan dimanapun untuk mengingatkan kembali para perusahaan, aparat pemerintah bahwa sudah ada aturan tegas yang dan sanksi yang tegas jika masih melakukan pengrusakan hutan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan.

Semoga informasi ini bermanfaat.

-Alexander Philiph Sitinjak-
Sekretaris Jenderal PMKRI DPC Bogor "Saint Joseph Acupertino"